Tagged: “forgive”
If I make a decision to forgive, is that sufficient to actually forgive?
We did a study in which we asked some of the participants to go only to our Decision Phase of forgiveness. We asked other participants to advance through our entire Process Model of Forgiveness, which includes the Work and Discovery Phases. Those who stopped at the Decision Phase did not achieve the same psychological benefits as those who went through the entire forgiveness program. This was expected because to decide to forgive is not the same as exercising the moral virtue of forgiveness in its entirety. Here is the reference to that research:
Al-Mabuk, R., Enright, R. D., & Cardis, P. (1995). Forgiveness education with parentally love-deprived college students. Journal of Moral Education, 24, 427-444.
How can I be assured that, if I forgive, I will no longer experience negative emotions such as anger?
Forgiving others who acted unjustly does not automatically end negative feelings. Our research shows that anger and other negative emotions can lessen, even in a strong way, but the negative emotions can resurface. For example, you might have a dream about the person and you awaken with anger. Yet, I have found that as people forgive, the anger reduces and becomes more manageable. So, you should expect some relief from intensive anger, but because we are all imperfect people, some residual negative emotions may be present, at least at times.
When I do the forgiveness work, I try to take what you call the personal perspective of the one who hurt me. Yet, how much of this work must be factual rather than speculative?
As you say, we ask people who forgive to take what I call the personal, global, and cosmic perspectives. The personal perspective deals with facts, to the best of your ability to gather those facts about how the other person was raised and the challenges faced in life. If you have no knowledge of the other person’s past, then I recommend that you move to the global perspective in which you begin to see the common humanity that both of you share. You do not need to know precise details of that person’s history to know that you both: 1) have unique DNA, making both of you special and unique; 2) must have adequate nutrition to be healthy; 3) will bleed if cut; and, as one more example, 4) will both die someday. Seeing your common humanity may aid you in softening your heart toward the person, not because of what happened, but in spite of this.
How do we know when the anger inside is unhealthy?
Here are some questions you can ask yourself, the answers to which will help you see whether or not the anger is unhealthy or not:
1). How much anger do you have inside on a 1 to 10 scale, ranging from 1 (no anger) to 10 (an extreme amount of anger)? A score in the 7 to 10 range is worth noting.
2). How often do you have this anger? If you have it for much of the day for most days and this has lasted for weeks or months, then this is worth noting.
3). Do you have difficulty concentrating on tasks which you need to complete on any given day? If so, how often is this happening? Again, if this occurs on most days, this is worth noting.
4). Does your anger interfere with your sleep?
5). Does the anger interfere with your energy level in that you are tired more often than you should be?
6). Is the anger interfering with your happiness in life?
If your answer is yes to questions 4 through 6, and if your anger is abiding in you, as seen in questions 1 through 3, then you should consider the probability that your anger is in need of correction. If you have been treated unjustly by other people, then forgiveness may be a good way of regulating this unhealthy anger.
Which do you think is more effective as a treatment for anger: relaxation training or forgiveness and why?
Forgiveness is appropriate if the person is angry because of injustices suffered from those who have treated the person unjustly. If this is the case, then I would choose forgiveness over relaxation, if I had to choose only one of these. I would do so for this reason: If we are deeply angry or frustrated or sad inside because of another person’s unfairness, these emotions are not easily eliminated by relaxation because relaxation treats the symptoms and not the underlying cause of the challenging emotions. Once a person stops relaxing, the challenging emotions likely will re-emerge. In contrast, forgiveness focuses on the cause of these emotions—the unjust treatment by a person—and the forgiveness process helps the emotionally wounded person to have a new response toward that person which tends to reduce these emotions to more manageable levels over time. In other words, as the forgiver thinks about the one who offended, the challenging emotions will have been reduced toward the offending person and so healing occurs. With relaxation training, there is no attempt to directly alter one’s emotions toward an offending other person.