Tagged: “Why Forgive?”
Wall Street Journal Writer Suggests that Revenge Can Be Addictive and There Is One Best Cure for It
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On June 5, in the Wall Street Journal, James Kimmel Jr. reports on how he was bullied as a child, which led to him becoming an “aggressive attorney” as an adult. He realized that whenever he sought revenge or even imagined getting revenge, he felt better. As he researched the neuroscience of revenge, he discovered that the brain releases dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with feelings of pleasure and reward. This feel-good sensation kept him seeking or fantasizing about revenge until he decided to stop the cycle of revenge, dopamine, feel-good, and more revenge to release the dopamine. In his quest to break the cycle, he discovered that forgiveness is a means to halt the cycle of revenge, which in turn eliminates the need for more dopamine, thereby reinforcing the need for revenge. Forgiveness was the cure for him.
More on this story can be found here: https://www.newser.com/story/369842/revenge-is-like-an-addiction.html.
‘The Forgiving Life’ featured on Elevate Society website
There is a website entitled Elevate Society run by Tal Gur as the Chief Editor. On July 24, 2025 they published a beautiful description of our book, The Forgiving Life. Their description of the book shows that they definitely “get it” regarding our message of forgiveness. Their review can be found here: https://elevatesociety.com/the-forgiving-life-summary-review/
Is it true that people “Forgive and Forget”?
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A recent set of four studies examined the extent to which people actually forget the unjust situation once they have forgiven. The reference to that work is:
Fernández-Miranda, G., Stanley, M., Murray, S., Faul, L., & De Brigard, F. (2025). The emotional impact of forgiveness on autobiographical memories of past wrongdoings. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/xge0001787
The authors made the distinction between the possibility that the memory of the event fades (what they called “episodic fading”) and what they called “emotional fading” in which the strong and negative emotions are diminished upon forgiving.
The authors, in their abstract, concluded this:
“While the episodic fading account predicts that forgiveness is associated with less vivid and detailed memories of being wronged, the emotional fading account predicts that forgiveness need not be associated with diminished episodic characteristics. Across four studies (N = 1,479, after exclusions), we found consistent support for the emotional fading account but not for the episodic fading account.”
In other words, people do not literally forget what happened once they forgive. The memory can pass through the mind and heart without the heightened negative emotions welling up.
“Forgive and forget” may need to be rephrased as “forgiving and remembering in new ways.”
2025: The 30th Anniversary of the First-Ever National Conference on Person-to-Person Forgiveness Ever Held at a University
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My, how time flies. It now has been 30 years since the National Conference on Forgiveness, held at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, March/April, 1995. This was the first conference on the topic of person-to-person forgiveness held on a university campus. This shows you how rare the discussion of forgiveness has been within humanity ever since its clear emergence as vital in Genesis, Chapters 37-45, in which Joseph forgave his 10 half-brothers for attempted murder and then selling him into slavery in Egypt. There are debates regarding the date of Genesis’s composition, but it appears to have been written approximately 3,000 years ago.
Think about that for a moment. History has shown us how important it is to forgive each other, and yet it took until 1995 for the first national conference on person-to-person forgiveness to emerge (unless I somehow missed such a newsworthy event from the past). That conference was filled with pioneers on the theme of people forgiving each other. For example, Desmond Tutu gave the opening remarks through an audio-recorded talk. Marietta Jaeger, a hero who forgave the murderer of her daughter, Suzy, showed us that it is possible to forgive what some might consider unforgivable. Paul Coleman and Richard Fitzgibbons, both therapists who introduced the idea of forgiveness therapy within the helping professions, offered their insights. Joanna North and Keith Yandell, both first-class philosophers, reflected on the meaning of interpersonal forgiveness. Suzanne Freedman and Julio Rique Neto, both early social scientific researchers on forgiveness, shared their views.
The conference was video-recorded, and the presentations were turned into 12 chapters for the edited book, Exploring Forgiveness, published by the University of Wisconsin Press in 1998. Some quotations from that book are as follows:
“Without forgiveness there is no future.”
(Rev. Desmond Tutu, Foreword, Exploring Forgiveness, p. xiii)
“Hatred eats away at our well-being.”
(Rev. Desmond Tutu, Foreword, Exploring Forgiveness, p. xiii)
“Forgiveness is hard work. It demands diligent self-discipline, constant corralling of our basest instincts, custody of the tongue, and a steadfast refusal not to get caught up in the mean-spiritedness of our times.”
(Marietta Jaeger, Exploring Forgiveness, p. 12)
“However justified, our unforgiveness undoes us.”
(Marietta Jaeger, Exploring Forgiveness, p. 14)
“. . . anger can be displaced for many years and erupt decades later in loving relationships with significant others. It will not be fully resolved until a conscious decision is made to let go of the desire for revenge and to forgive.”
(Richard Fitzgibbons, Exploring Forgiveness, p. 64)
“Restoring affection and regard, overcoming estrangements and alienation, accepting and welcoming others: these are the values which we should endeavor to realize in our dealings with one another.”
(Joanna North, Exploring Forgiveness, p. 34)
“So people learn to forgive, or they wither as persons . .”
(Keith Yandell, Exploring Forgiveness, p. 45)
“Forgiveness is a gift to others, not just to self.”
(Robert Enright, Suzanne Freedman, and Julio Rique, Exploring Forgiveness, p. 48)
“To forgive means to begin seeing the other in a new way, as a member of the human community rather than as evil incarnate.”
(Robert Enright, Suzanne Freedman, and Julio Rique, Exploring Forgiveness, p. 50)
It seems to me that it is well past the time to intensify the importance and practice of forgiving in our families, local communities, schools, and between communities in conflict. Do you think the peace movement would have a deeper impact if forgiveness, properly understood and practiced, became a characteristic part of peace-building? We have waited too long. Let us redeem the time by putting forgiveness right in the center of interpersonal interactions so that it can be applied forthrightly whenever conflicts seem to be heating up to such a degree as to be harmful. Forgiveness, then, practiced in such contexts could lower the interpersonal temperature and protect individuals, relationships, and communities.
Which Protects You Better: Anger or Forgiveness?
On May 14, 2025, an essay was published on the Psychology Today website (Which Protects You Better: Anger or Forgiveness?) contrasting anger as a response to injustice and forgiveness as a very different response. The contrast was discussed because research shows that short-term anger can be beneficial.
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As stated on the website:
“In a recent journal article, Lench et al. (2024) showed in a series of studies that anger ‘has benefits for attaining goals.’ For example, when given very difficult puzzles to solve, it was those who became angry at not progressing who successfully and accurately completed the puzzle. In another example, when presented with video games that had challenges within the game, those who became angry ended with higher scores than those who did not get angry. As a final example, among others in the journal article, those who got angry were more likely to protect their finances when outside sources threatened their money.
What is interesting to note in each of these examples is that the problems were very short-term. Puzzle challenges do not last for years, but instead for minutes or perhaps hours. It is the same with video games, and once the finances are protected in the short run, the challenge and therefore the anger can lessen.”
In contrast, the positive effects of forgiving those who acted unfairly have been well documented in the psychological scientific literature. See, for example, Akhtar and Barlow (2018) and Enright and Fitzgibbons (2024). In response to the title’s question, the essay then makes this statement:
“The question is based on a misunderstanding of the process of forgiveness.”
It is followed up with this answer:
“Over 30 years ago, a process model of forgiveness was introduced into the published literature (Enright & the Human Development Study Group, 1991). One of the first parts of the forgiveness process is to be angry (or sad or frustrated) because this reaction to unjust treatment from others seems to be a natural part of forgiving for many people. In other words, when people forgive, there is time set aside for anger or related emotions as a result of being treated unjustly. Only after people have had the chance to explore their reaction to the injustice do they then move forward with a decision (or not) to forgive, and to offer mercy to those who have not been good to the forgiver.”
The Psychology Today essay ends this way:
“Therefore, in response to the question of which is better, short-term anger or forgiving, the answer is both. They work together, first by acknowledging and feeling the anger, and then deciding to forgive and struggling to offer goodness to the other person.
An important insight about anger and forgiveness is that forgiveness helps mitigate or alleviate short-term anger, preventing it from developing into long-term irritability that can psychologically and physically damage the individual who was treated unjustly.”
References
Akhtar, S. & Barlow, J. (2018). Forgiveness therapy for the promotion of mental well-being: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 19, 107-122.
Enright, R.D. & Fitzgibbons, R. (2024). Forgiveness therapy. APA Books.
Enright, R. D., and the Human Development Study Group. (1991). The moral development of forgiveness. In W. Kurtines & J. Gewirtz (Eds.), Handbook of moral behavior and development, (Vol. 1, pp. 123-152). Erlbaum.
Lench, H. C., Reed, N. T., George, T., Kaiser, K. A., & North, S. G. (2024). Anger has benefits for attaining goals. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 126, 587–602.
